Creating a New Folder in Windows 9x
Deleting a Folder in
Windows 9x
| Fragmentation | |
| Cross-linked and lost clusters | |
| Disk compression | |
| Disk caching |
| Distribution of data files in noncontiguous clusters; increases data access time | |||
| Routine maintenance: defragment the hard drive | |||
| DOS | |||
| DOS 6+ DEFRAG or a utility software package | |||
| Windows 98 | |||
| Defragmenter utility | |||
Windows 98 Defragmenter Utility
Cross-linked and Lost Clusters
| Cross-linked | ||
| More than one file points to them | ||
| Lost | ||
| No file in the FAT points to them | ||
| To repair: use ScanDisk utility in either DOS or Windows 9x | ||
Cross-linked and Lost Clusters
| Compresses data on a hard drive to allow more data to be written to the drive | ||
| Works by | ||
| Storing data on the hard drive in one big file and managing the writing of data and programs to that file | ||
| Rewriting data in files in a mathematically coded format that uses less space | ||
Disk Compression in DOS and Windows 3.x
| Uses a device driver loaded in the CONFIG.SYS file | |
| PKZIP |
| Host drive | |
| Compressed volume file (CVF) |
Disk Compression in
Windows 9x
| Uses DriveSpace to: | ||
| Assign different drive letter to hard drive, (e.g., H) | ||
| Compress entire contents of hard drive into a single file on drive H | ||
| Set up the drive so that Windows 9x and other applications view this compressed file as drive C | ||
| Configure Windows 9x so that each time it boots, DriveSpace driver will load and manage the compressed drive | ||
Disk Compression in
Windows 9x
Disk Compression in
Windows 9x
Disk Compression in
Windows 9x
Disk Compression in
Windows 9x
Disk Compression in
Windows 9x
Disk Compression in
Windows 9x
| A method whereby recently retrieved data and adjacent data are read into memory in advance, anticipating the next CPU request |
Hardware Cache or Software Cache
| Hardware cache | ||
| A disk cache that is contained in RAM chips built right on the disk controller | ||
| Software cache | ||
| Cache controlled by software whereby the cache is stored in RAM | ||
Hardware Cache or Software Cache
| Hardware cache disadvantages | |||
| Slower than a software cache | |||
| A permanent part of the hard drive controller | |||
| Software cache | |||
| Disadvantage | |||
| Uses RAM for both the cache program itself and the data being cached; RAM is used that might otherwise be used for applications software and its data | |||
| Advantage | |||
| Faster than hardware cache | |||
Disk Cache in DOS and Windows 3.x
| SMARTDrive | ||
| A 16-bit real mode software cache utility that comes with DOS and Windows 3.x | ||
| Can be executed as a TSR from the AUTOEXEC.BAT file | ||
| Other packages | ||
| Norton Cache | ||
| Mace Cache | ||
| Super PC-Kwik Cache | ||
| A built-in Windows 9x 32-bit software cache that doesn’t take up conventional memory space or upper memory space, as SmartDrive does |
| An area in memory where data waiting to be read or written is temporarily stored |
Using DOS under Windows 9x to Manage a Hard Drive
| CAUTION: Using some DOS commands on a hard drive that uses Windows 9x as the OS may cause damage to a hard drive’s file structure |
DOS Commands to Avoid with Windows 9x
| Don’t use disk utility software that does not know about VFAT, long filenames or FAT32 | |
| Don’t use FDISK, FORMAT C:, SYS C:, or CHKDSK while in a DOS session | |
| Don’t optimize or defragment the hard drive using software that does not know about long filenames |
DOS Commands to Avoid with Windows 9x
| Don’t run hard drive cache programs unless written especially for Windows 95 or Windows 98 | |
| Don’t use older DOS backup programs (BACKUP, MSBACKUP) |
| High-capacity drives, such as Zip or Jaz drives, that have disks that can be removed like floppy disks |
| Hard drive similarities to floppy drives | ||
| Has a file allocation table (FAT) and a root directory | ||
| Stores data on tracks that are divided into sectors, each of which contains 512 bytes | ||
| Methods of organizing and formatting data | ||
| Managing a healthy, previously installed hard drive | ||
| Hard drive technologies | ||