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Designed to allow applications to have a
graphical interface |
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DOS runs in the background as the true OS and
uses Windows 3.x as the middle layer between the application and DOS |
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Has been replaced with Windows 9x |
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Do not completely eliminate DOS |
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Windows 95 |
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Windows for Workgroups (Windows 3.11) plus DOS
7.0 |
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Introduced Plug and Play capability |
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Windows 98 |
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Supports larger hard drives and more hardware
devices |
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Includes more software utilities |
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Faster than Windows 95 |
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The last Microsoft OS with a DOS foundation |
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Originally written for mainframe computers in
the early 1970s |
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Now a popular OS for networking |
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Linux |
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A variation of UNIX that is free to everyone |
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Works on X86 or “Wintel” PC’s |
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Freely distributed version of UNIX |
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Open source code (GNU) |
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Growing in popularity |
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Has many Windows features |
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Both command based and GUI based (X Windows) |
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Completely eliminates the underlying
relationship with DOS |
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Supports preemptive multitasking and
multiprocessing |
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Designed to work within a powerful networked
environment (client/server) |
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A suite of operating systems, each designed for
a different sized computer system |
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Windows 2000 Professional |
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Windows 2000 Server |
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Windows 2000 Advanced Server |
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Windows 2000 Datacenter Server |
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Built on Windows NT architecture |
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Designed to ultimately replace both Windows 9x
for low-end systems and Windows NT for midrange and high-end systems |
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Written by IBM in cooperation with Microsoft
Corporation |
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Provides an altogether different OS in place of
DOS |
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Slow to gain popularity due to: |
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Errors in earlier versions |
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Large computer hardware requirements |
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Available only on Macintosh computers |
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Offers easy access to the Internet |
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Allows any Macintosh computer to become a Web
server for a small network |
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DOS naming conventions |
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Filename (up to 8 characters) |
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File extension (3 characters) |
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Memory addressing under DOS |
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Operating systems have different basic functions
and Capabilities. |
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They can be single tasking, single user,
multi-tasking, multi-user, and Network Capable |
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Operating systems can include |
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Local Area Networking |
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Each PC Shares its resources, often called Peer
to Peer |
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Client Server Networking |
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One or more PC’s act as a File or Printer, or
other type of server |
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Other PC’s are clients, They log on to the
server and use its services |
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Performs only one job, then can do another |
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Batch Mode |
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Jobs are given in batches, performed one after
the other |
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Command Line Mode |
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User types or otherwise enters commands one at a
time to the computer |
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multiple jobs done simultaneously, usually by
time slicing |
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Multi-Threading-Capability to split jobs into
threads and do each separately |
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Real mode |
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Single-tasking operating mode whereby programs: |
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Only have 1024K of memory addresses |
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Have direct access to RAM |
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Use a 16-bit data path |
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Protected mode |
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Supports multitasking whereby: |
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The OS manages memory |
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Programs have more than 1024K of memory
addresses |
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Programs can use a 32-bit data path |
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Designed to work on top of a particular OS |
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Comes written on floppy disks or CD-ROMs;
usually must be installed on a hard drive in order to run |
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Word processing |
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Spreadsheet |
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Database management |
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Graphics |
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Communications |
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Games |
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Mathematical modeling |
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Software development tools |
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OS receives command to execute application |
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OS locates program file for the application |
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OS loads program file into memory |
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OS gives control to the program |
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Program requests memory addresses from OS for
its data |
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Program initializes itself; it may request that
data from secondary storage be loaded into memory |
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Program turns to user for its first instruction |
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If no path is given before the filename, DOS
looks in the current directory |
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If no path is given and the file is not in
current directory, DOS looks in paths given to it by the last PATH command
executed |
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If there is a path given in front of filename in
the command line, DOS looks in that path |
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If there is a path given but the file is not
found in that path, DOS looks in paths given to it by the last PATH command
executed |
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Place shortcut icon directly on desktop |
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Click Start button; select Programs; select
program from list of installed software |
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Use Run command, after clicking Start button on
the taskbar |
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Applications software is executed by either the
operating environment (Windows 3.x) or the OS software (DOS or Windows 9x) |
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When an application is executing, you are
interacting with the application |
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Applications software interacts with OS software
that is executing it |
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OS software interacts with hardware |
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OS software might interact with the hardware
through BIOS or the device driver |
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Individual components that make up a computer
system: hardware and software |
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Hardware |
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Devices used for input, output, processing, and
storage of data |
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Components that make up the electrical system |
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Components used for communicating data and
instructions from one device to another |
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Importance of buses on the system board |
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CPU |
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Central processing point for all data and
instructions |
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Both data and instructions must be stored in
memory with assigned memory addresses before processing can begin |
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Software |
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Works in layers |
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Lowest layer (BIOS and device drivers)
interfaces with hardware |
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Highest layer (applications software) interfaces
with user |
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OS is the middleman layer that coordinates
everything |
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Notes
