CMOS Configuration Chip
Jumpers
Software
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The intelligence of the computer |
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Computer programs, or instructions to
perform a specific task |
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Determines what hardware is present |
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Decides how hardware is configured and
utilized |
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Uses hardware to perform tasks |
Three Types of Software
and What They Do
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Firmware (BIOS) |
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Controls computer’s input/output
functions |
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Operating systems (OSs) |
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Provide instructions to hardware to
perform tasks |
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Applications software |
Functions of BIOS and OS
Firmware or BIOS
|
|
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Provides basic instructions to hardware |
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Often serves as the interface between
higher-level software and hardware |
Software Layers
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A hierarchy determines how software
interfaces so that high-level software can depend on low-level software to
manage the hardware for it |
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Applications software depends on the OS
to interface with hardware |
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Instructs hardware directly |
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Uses BIOS to provide the instructions |
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Uses device drivers |
Software Layers
How Software Manages and
Shares Information
Operating Systems
|
|
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Different operating systems are written
to support different types of hardware systems and user needs |
Functions of Operating
Systems
|
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Manage BIOS |
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Manage files on secondary storage
devices |
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Manage primary memory (RAM) |
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Diagnose software and hardware problems |
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Interface between hardware and software |
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Perform housekeeping procedures
requested by user |
Starting Up the Operating
System
|
|
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OS programs must be copied from
secondary storage into RAM (memory) |
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CPU then reads from one memory location
in RAM to another to receive and follow instructions |
Starting Up the Operating
System
Interfacing with the
Operating System
|
|
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Command-driven interface |
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Menu-driven interface |
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Icon-driven interface (graphical user
interface or GUI) |
Command-driven Interface
Menu-driven Interface
Icon-driven Interface
Survey of Operating
Systems
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Terms |
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Multitasking |
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Cooperative multitasking (task
switching) |
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Preemptive multitasking |
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Environment |
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Windows 3.x operating environment |
Multitasking Environment
Windows 3.x Operating
Environment
Comparison of Operating
Systems
|
|
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What kind of user interface is
provided? |
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Can the OS support multitasking? |
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Can the OS easily manage large
quantities of primary memory (RAM) and secondary storage? |
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How many and what kinds of applications
are written to work with the OS? |
|
How powerful must the hardware be to
make efficient use of the OS? |
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How does the OS perform in a network? |
Well-known Operating
Systems
|
|
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DOS (disk operating system) |
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DOS with Windows 3.1 and 3.11 operating
environments |
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Windows 95 and Windows 98 |
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UNIX operating system |
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Windows NT |
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Windows 2000 |
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OS/2 |
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Macintosh operating system |
Disk Operating System
(DOS)
|
|
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First OS used by IBM microcomputers |
Disk Operating System
(DOS)