Enhanced A+ Guide to
Managing and Maintaining Your PC Third Edition
Chapter 1
You Will Learn…
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About the functions performed by
different hardware components of a microcomputer |
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About the three kinds of software and
how they relate to one another and to hardware |
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How the CPU uses primary and secondary
storage to manage software |
Hardware and Software
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Hardware |
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Physical components of the computer |
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Monitor |
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Keyboard |
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Memory chips |
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Hard drive |
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Software |
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Set of instructions that directs the
hardware to accomplish a task |
Chauffer Analogy
Functions of Hardware
Binary Number System
Hardware
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Central processing unit |
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Most important hardware device |
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Receives input and sends output |
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Stores data and instructions; performs
calculations |
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Requirements of hardware devices |
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Method for CPU to communicate with the
device |
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Software to instruct and control the
device |
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Electricity to power the device |
Hardware Used for Input
and Output
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Ports |
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Physical connectors that allow a cable
from a peripheral device to be attached |
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Input devices |
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Keyboard |
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Mouse |
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Output devices |
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Monitor |
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Printer |
Ports
Input Devices
Output Devices
Hardware Inside the
Computer Case
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System board |
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Permanent storage |
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Floppy drive |
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Hard drive |
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CD-ROM drive |
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Power supply |
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Circuit boards |
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CMOS (most CPUs) |
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TTL |
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Cables |
Hardware Inside the
Computer Case
CMOS Chips
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Require less electricity |
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Hold data longer after electricity is
turned off |
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Are slower |
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Produce less heat |
The System Board
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Largest and most important circuit
board |
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Contains the CPU |
The System Board
Major Components of
System Boards
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For processing |
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CPU |
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Chip set that supports CPU by
controlling many system board activities |
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For temporary storage |
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RAM |
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Cache memory |
Major Components of
System Boards
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Allow CPU to communicate with other
devices |
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BUS |
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Expansion slots |
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Firmware and setup information |
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Flash BIOS memory chip |
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CMOS configuration chip |
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Electrical system |
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Power supply connections |
Components Used Primarily
for Processing
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CPU or microprocessor |
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Executes most computer processes |
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Chip set |
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Relieves CPU of some processing |
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Provides careful timing of activities
to increase overall speed |
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Coprocessor |
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Supports and enhances function of some
older CPUs (pre-1995) |
The CPU
Temporary (Primary)
Storage Devices
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Used by the CPU to process data and
instructions |
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Provided by RAM (random access memory
devices) |
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SIMMS (single inline memory modules) |
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DIMMS (dual inline memory modules) |
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Cache memory |
SIMMS and DIMMS
Cache Memory
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For new CPUs |
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Stored inside CPU housing on a memory
chip that sits close to the CPU microchip |
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For older CPUs |
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Stored on the system board either in
individual chips or on memory modules called COAST (cache on a stick) |
Cache Memory
Permanent (Secondary)
Storage Devices
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Remote to the CPU |
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Permanently hold data, even when PC is
turned off |
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Most popular devices: |
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Hard disks |
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Floppy disks |
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Zip drives |
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CD-ROMs |
Hard Drives
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